Coffee terms, clearly defined.
Short, accurate definitions for the specialty coffee terms that show up in brewing logs, cupping notes, dial-in guides, and equipment specs. Tap any term for the full explanation.
-
TDS
Total Dissolved Solids — the strength of brewed coffee, measured by refractometer.
Read full definition → -
Extraction Yield
The percentage of dry coffee that dissolved into the cup. SCA target: 18–22%.
Read full definition → -
Dial-In
The process of adjusting grind, dose, and yield until a coffee tastes balanced.
Read full definition → -
Bloom
The 30–45 second pre-pour stage that lets fresh coffee degas before the main brew.
Read full definition → -
Crema
The reddish-brown foam on top of an espresso shot — a sign, but not a verdict.
Read full definition → -
Brew Ratio
The mass of water (or beverage) to dry coffee. Common: 1:2 espresso, 1:16 filter.
Read full definition → -
Channeling
When water finds a fast path through the puck, ruining extraction.
Read full definition → -
Days Off Roast
How many days since the coffee was roasted — a key freshness signal.
Read full definition →